California = Biodiversity Hotspot
-Mediterranean Climate
-endemic large trees!
-Central Valley & Agriculture
CA Endemics = Tiger Salamander, Yosemite Toad, Nelson's Antelope Squirrel, Guadalupe Junco, Island Grey Fox, Giant Kangaroo Rat (keystone!), least bell's viro (loves coastal sage scrub), Island Night Lizard
CA local extinctions: Wolf, Grizzly Bear (last one in 1922), Jaguar, Bison
River Otter
American Beaver
Musk Oxen
Reindeer (sheds antlers)
Arctic Fox (eats showshoe hares)
Walrus -no external ear! can gather in the 1,000s! thick skin and blubber! the norse love them!Can dive up to 300 ft deep!
Seal
Polar Bear -dependent on Ice Sheet -webbed paws and strong arms = bitchin swimmers!
Seal
Polar Bear -dependent on Ice Sheet -webbed paws and strong arms = bitchin swimmers!-black skin & white fur -fur on bottom of paws -eats hellaseals
Bison -keystone speces ("rewilding" process)
Pallid Sturgeon
Elk (need for big predators!)
Mountain Lion
Black Tailed Prairie Dog -keystone species -American Serengeti
Black-footed Ferret -endemic?
Coyote
Pronghorn -need huge migration path from Montana to Alaska
Sage Grouse -males have awesome mating display
Black Bear -endemic! -no prominent shoulder hump like the grizzly
Grizzly Bear -Alaskan version is much bigger
Jaguarundi (Texas, Florida...)
Bobcat -ENDEMIC!
Lynx -big snowshoe-like paws -generally have twins -blue eyes at birth --> golden eyes as adults -Remember the reading!
Wolf -keystone species -controls elk population (too much elk = shitty aspen trees) -Yellowstone reintroduction -overall badass
CA Condor -lack of feathers on head = sterilizing effect -9 1/2 foot wingspan
Sea Otter -the ultimate keystone species -reintroduction to SoCal = failure... :(
the story: had huge historic range, overhunted, sea urchin population boomed, kelp forests damaged, all fish affected
Consists of North America, Greenland, Central Mexico
Bison -keystone speces ("rewilding" process)
Pallid Sturgeon
Elk (need for big predators!)
Mountain Lion
Black Tailed Prairie Dog -keystone species -American Serengeti
Black-footed Ferret -endemic?
Coyote
Pronghorn -need huge migration path from Montana to Alaska
Sage Grouse -males have awesome mating display
Black Bear -endemic! -no prominent shoulder hump like the grizzly
Grizzly Bear -Alaskan version is much bigger
Jaguarundi (Texas, Florida...)
Bobcat -ENDEMIC!
Lynx -big snowshoe-like paws -generally have twins -blue eyes at birth --> golden eyes as adults -Remember the reading!
Wolf -keystone species -controls elk population (too much elk = shitty aspen trees) -Yellowstone reintroduction -overall badass
CA Condor -lack of feathers on head = sterilizing effect -9 1/2 foot wingspan
Sea Otter -the ultimate keystone species -reintroduction to SoCal = failure... :(
the story: had huge historic range, overhunted, sea urchin population boomed, kelp forests damaged, all fish affected- large range North to South, not so much West to East
Readings about top predators and bothered humans = wolf, lynx, mtn lion
REWILDING
1. large, strictly protected core reserves
2. connectivity
3. keystone species
--> goals: restore to... just before Columbus? 13K years before any humans? NOPE! Back to Lewis and Clark time!
Historical Animals: Dire Wolf, Short Faced Bear, Sabertooth, Ground Sloth, American Lion and Cheetah, Mammoth and Mastodon, Giant Beaver, Camel, Giant Hutia, Dwart Pronghorn
Bison survived these extinctions... we dunno why
Home Range Requirements (lynx, wolf, mtn lion)
biological corridors (Algonquin to Adirondack) REMEMBER PLUIE!
-rope bridges (for rodents)
-culverts (under roads and such)
-overpasses (over roads and such)
FLORIDA's EXOTICS! (smuggling, releasing pets)
-Swamp Eel -Burmese Python -Green Iguanas -Geckos
EVERGLADES! Alligators, Eastern Indigo Snake (long leaf pine habitat), wood storks, kingsnake
-key largo woodrat
-American Crocodile (under threat from invasive Nile Monitor Lizard
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